Сан есімнің жалпы сипаты

This presentation focuses on the characteristics of numerals in the Kazakh language. It covers topics such as the lexico-semantic peculiarities of numerals, their morphological structure, syntactic function, and semantic categories. The presentation also delves into different types of numerals, including cardinal, ordinal, collective, distributive, approximate, and fractional numerals. It explains how these numerals are formed and used in the Kazakh language, providing examples to illustrate their usage.

Asosiy mavzular

• Lexico-Semantic Peculiarities of Numerals: Numerals have abstract meanings when used alone, but their specific meanings become clear when used with nouns. They denote quantity and amount.
• Morphological Structure of Numerals: Numerals change forms only when substantivized. Different forms of suffixations can be applied in different ways. Numerals are divided into basic and derived numerals. Basic numerals are only cardinal numbers and derived numerals are derived from adding suffixes to the base numerals.
• Syntactic Function of Numerals: The primary syntactic function of numerals is to act as modifiers. They always precede the words they modify and agree with the nouns.
• Semantic Categories of Numerals: Numerals are categorized into several types: cardinal (quantity), ordinal (order), collective (groups), distributive, approximate, and fractional numerals. Each category serves a different purpose in expressing numerical information.
• Cardinal Numerals: Cardinal numerals express the number of something. They form the basis for other types of numerals. Cardinal numerals can be simple or compound in structure. The simple cardinal numerals include units, tens, hundreds, and thousands.
• Ordinal Numerals: Ordinal numerals indicate the order of objects and are formed by adding suffixes to cardinal numerals. They indicate what position in a sequence something holds.
• Collective Numerals: Collective numerals represent abstract numerical quantity and are commonly substantivized. It indicates that the objects or quantities are viewed collectively as one group.
• Distributive Numerals: Distributive numerals show quantity distributed among items in an equivalent way or in an equal share. It indicates how much a quantity of items is shared.
• Approximate Numerals: Approximate numerals do not specify exact quantities but express them roughly. The quantity or number is not exact, but within a certain range or guess.
• Fractional Numerals: Fractional numerals express parts of a whole, usually composed using numerals combined syntactically.