Миелоархитектоника и синдромы поражения спинного мозга

This document is a lecture about the myeloarchitecture of the spinal cord and syndromes of spinal cord injury. It covers the histology of the spinal cord and the apparatus of conductive pathways, and explores clinical syndromes of segmental and conductive spinal cord lesions. The lecture also provides instruction in topical diagnostics for spinal cord lesions. The lecture covers white matter of the spinal cord, which consists of anterior, lateral, and posterior columns. These are formed by conductive fibers coated with myelin. The lecture also covers the conductive pathways of the anterior, lateral, and posterior columns, including the pyramidalis anterior, vestibulospinalis, tectospinalis, fasciculus longitudinalis posterior, corticospinalis lateralis, rubrospinalis, reticulospinalis, spinothalamicus lateralis, spinocerebellaris anterior, spinocerebellaris posterior, fasciculus gracilis, and fasciculus cuneatus. Finally, the document discusses segmental type spinal cord lesions, which occur when the anterior and posterior horns are damaged, and discusses the loss of sensitivity in dermatomes. Spinal cord pathology can be characterized by damage to its own segmental apparatus and white matter (conductive pathways).

Asosiy mavzular

• White Matter of the Spinal Cord: The white matter of the spinal cord is composed of anterior, lateral, and posterior columns (funiculi). These columns are formed by conductive fibers wrapped in a myelin sheath.
• Conductive Pathways of Anterior Columns: The conductive pathways of the anterior columns include the tr. pyramidalis anterior, tr. vestibulospinalis, tr. tectospinalis, and rasciculus longitudinalis posterior.
• Descending Pathways of Lateral Columns: The descending pathways of the lateral columns include the tr. corticospinalis lateralis, tr. rubrospinalis (Monakowski's pathway), and tr. reticulospinalis.
• Ascending Pathways of Lateral Columns: The ascending pathways of the lateral columns include the tr. spinothalamicus lateralis, tr. spinocerebellaris anterior (Gowers), and tr. spinocerebellaris posterior (Flexig).
• Conductive Pathways of Posterior Columns: The conductive pathways of the posterior columns include the fasciculus gracilis (thin bundle of Goll) and fasciculus cuneatus (cuneate bundle of Burdach), which carry impulses of deep and complex sensitivity.
• Segmental Spinal Cord Lesions: Segmental type lesions of the spinal cord occur with damage to the anterior and posterior horns of the spinal cord; this results in segmental paralysis or sensitivity disorders at the level of the given dermatome. Damage to the posterior horn causes dissociation, resulting in syringomyelia type loss of pain and temperature.
• White Matter Lesions of the Spinal Cord: Spinal cord pathology can be characterized by damage to its own segmental apparatus and white matter (conductive pathways).