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This presentation covers the topic of higher nervous activity (HNA). It begins by introducing the fundamental concepts of HNA and reflexes, and the scientists who pioneered the field, including I.M. Sechenov and I.P. Pavlov. It explains the differences between unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, providing examples such as salivation in dogs. The presentation then delves into the characteristics of both types of reflexes, including their acquisition, permanence, and the neural pathways involved. The concept of inhibition is also discussed, differentiating between external and internal inhibition, and explaining their significance in adaptation. The presentation also explores the differences between HNA in humans and animals, emphasizing the role of instincts, learning, and the second signal system in human cognition. It touches upon concepts like imprinting and insight, and the importance of language in human thought. Lastly, it covers the topic of sleep, its stages, and the underlying brain mechanisms, and touches on temperament types.

Asosiy mavzular

• Unconditioned and Conditioned Reflexes: Explains the differences between innate (unconditioned) and learned (conditioned) reflexes, their characteristics, and how conditioned reflexes are formed through association and reinforcement.
• Inhibition of Reflexes: Discusses the two types of inhibition: external (unconditioned) and internal (conditioned), which are crucial for adapting to changing environments and preventing unnecessary responses.
• Higher Nervous Activity in Humans vs. Animals: Highlights the differences in HNA between humans and animals, with an emphasis on the role of instincts, learning, the second signal system (language), and higher cognitive functions in humans.
• Sleep: Covers the stages of sleep, the brain structures involved, and the importance of sleep for restoring brain function.
• Temperament: Discusses the classification of temperaments based on the types of the nervous system as defined by I.P. Pavlov: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic.