Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous

This is a textbook page for Upper-Intermediate Unit 2b, focusing on the use of past perfect simple and past perfect continuous tenses in English. It presents examples of sentences and visual aids to demonstrate the differences in meaning and usage between the two tenses. The text includes rules on when to use each tense, how to form them, and common mistakes to avoid, particularly with stative verbs. The second page includes exercises to practice forming and using both tenses.

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• Past Perfect Continuous: Used to describe an action that was in progress before a specific time in the past. It emphasizes the duration of the action leading up to that point. Formation: had + been + verb + -ing.
• Past Perfect Simple: Used to describe single, complete events in the past or repeated actions with a specific number of repetitions. It focuses on the completion of the action rather than its duration. Examples include completed tasks or stating how many times something happened.
• Past Perfect Continuous vs. Past Perfect Simple: Highlights the distinction between the two tenses, emphasizing that the continuous form is used for actions in progress over a period, while the simple form is for completed actions or counts of actions. It also states that stative verbs are not typically used in the past perfect continuous.