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The provided text discusses the historical development of education, schools, and pedagogical thought in Central Asia, particularly focusing on the region known as Turkistan (modern-day Uzbekistan and surrounding areas) from the late 19th century through the early 20th century. It covers the transition from traditional Islamic educational institutions to Jadid schools (new method schools) and the impact of Russian colonial rule on the education system. It also profiles key figures in Jadid movement, their contributions to education reform, and their pedagogical ideas.

Asosiy mavzular

• Religious and Islamic Educational Institutions: Explores the traditional system of religious and Islamic education prevalent in Turkistan, encompassing institutions like schools, Quran memorization centers, and advanced madrasas, with details on the curriculum, teaching methods, and goals.
• Russian Colonial Education Policy: Discusses the educational policies implemented by the Russian colonial administration in Turkistan. This includes establishing Rus-tuzem schools, the curriculum in these schools, and the dual purpose of these schools, which was to educate locals while simultaneously promoting Russian culture and language.
• The Jadid Movement and its Educational Reforms: Examines the rise of the Jadid movement in Turkistan, which sought to modernize education and society by incorporating modern subjects into the curriculum and advocating for new teaching methods. It profiles key Jadid intellectuals and educators and their contributions to education reform, such as establishing new method schools, writing textbooks, and promoting critical thinking and social awareness among students.
• Jadid Intellectuals and Educators: Provides biographical information on key Jadid intellectuals and educators, such as Ismail Gaspirali, Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy, Munavvar Qori Abdurashidxonov, Abdurauf Fitrat, and Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy. Their works, educational activities, and pedagogical ideas are highlighted.
• Impact and Legacy: Evaluates the overall impact and legacy of the Jadid movement on education, culture, and society in Turkistan. Despite facing challenges and opposition, the Jadids played a crucial role in promoting literacy, modernizing education, and fostering a sense of national identity and social awareness among the local population.